Script Parser

Knip parses shell commands and scripts to find additional dependencies, entry files and configuration files in various places:

• In package.json
• In CLI arguments
• In scripts
• In source code

Shell scripts can be read and statically analyzed, but they’re not executed.

package.json

The main, bin, exports and scripts fields may contain entry files. Let’s take a look at this example:

package.json

{
  "name": "my-package",
  "main": "index.js",
  "exports": {
    "./lib": {
      "import": "./dist/index.mjs",
      "require": "./dist/index.cjs"
    }
  },
  "bin": {
    "program": "bin/cli.js"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "build": "rollup src/entry.ts",
    "start": "node --loader tsx server.ts"
  }
}

From this example, Knip automatically adds the following files as entry files:

• index.js
• ./dist/index.mjs
• ./dist/index.cjs
• bin/cli.js
• src/entry.ts
• server.ts

Excluded files

Knip would not add the exports if the dist folder is matching a pattern in a relevant .gitignore file or ignore option.

Knip does not add scripts without a standard extension. For instance, the bin/tool file might be a valid executable for Node.js, but wouldn’t be added or parsed by Knip.

CLI Arguments

When parsing the scripts of package.json and other files, Knip detects various types of inputs. Some examples:

• The first positional argument is usually an entry file
• Configuration files are often in the -c or --config argument
• The --require, --loader or --import arguments are often dependencies

{
  "name": "my-lib",
  "scripts": {
    "start": "node --import tsx/esm run.ts",
    "bundle": "tsup -c tsup.lib.config.ts",
    "type-check": "tsc -p tsconfig.app.json"
  }
}

The "start" script will have tsx marked as a referenced dependency, and adds run.ts as an entry file.

Additionally, the following files are detected as configuration files:

• tsup.lib.config.ts - to be handled by the tsup plugin
• tsconfig.app.json - to be handled by the TypeScript plugin

Such executables and their arguments are all defined in plugins separately for fine-grained results.

Scripts

Plugins may also use the script parser to extract entry files and dependencies from commands. A few examples:

• GitHub Actions: workflow files may contain run commands (e.g. .github/workflows/ci.yml)
• Husky & Lefthook: Git hooks such as .git/hooks/pre-push contain scripts; also lefthook.yml has run commands
• Lint Staged: configuration values are all commands
• Nx: task executors and nx:run-commands executors in project.json contains scripts
• Release It: hooks contain commands

Plugins can also return configuration files. Some examples:

• The Angular plugin detects options.tsConfig as a TypeScript config file
• The GitHub Actions plugin parses run commands which may contain configuration file paths

Source Code

When Knip is walking the abstract syntax trees (ASTs) of JavaScript and TypeScript source code files, it looks for imports and exports. But there’s a few more (rather obscure) things that Knip detects in the process. Below are examples of additional scripts Knip parses to find entry files and dependencies.

bun

If the bun dependency is imported in source code, Knip considers the contents of $ template tags to be scripts:

import { $ } from 'bun';
await $`bun boxen I ❤ unicorns`;
await $`boxen I ❤ unicorns`;

Parsing the script results in the boxen binary (the boxen-cli dependency) as referenced (twice).

execa

If the execa dependency is imported in source code, Knip considers the contents of $ template tags to be scripts:

await $({ stdio: 'inherit' })`c8 node hydrate.js`;

Parsing the script results in hydrate.js added as an entry file and the c8 binary/dependency as referenced.

zx

If the zx dependency is imported in source code, Knip considers the contents of $ template tags to be scripts:

await $`node scripts/parse.js`;

This will add scripts/parse.js as an entry file.